A sensitive and selective chemiluminogenic probe for palladium

Optical sensing of palladium ions has attracted considerable attention due to their serious environmental and health problems. Water resources, soil, dust and natural ora have been contaminated by increased palladium emissions which are caused by a wide spectrum of applications such as the electrical and electronic industries, catalytic converters, dental appliances, fuel cells and jewellery. In addition, it is also exploited as catalyst in many cross-coupling reactions such as Buchwald– Hartwig, Heck, Sonogashira and Suzuki–Miyura, leading to the formation of difficult bonds for the synthesis of complex molecules involving many clinical drugs. Fruitful use of Pdcatalysed reactions in pharmaceutical industry increases the risk of Pd-contamination in active pharmaceutical ingredients because a high level of residual palladium is oen found in nal products, despite rigorous purication steps and thus, it can cause harm to human body. Traditional methods like atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), solid-phase microextraction high performance liquid chromatography (SPME-HPLC), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray uorescence, etc., can be applied for the detection of palladium ions, however they all suffer from complicated sample preparation procedures, expensive experimental setup and the requirement for highly-trained individuals. Therefore, development of analytical techniques with selective and sensitive detection of palladium ions is urgently needed in a high-throughput fashion. As a new insights into the optical sensing systems, chemiluminescence based ones would be promising due to their superior advantages such as operational simplicity, cost effectiveness, rapid and high sensitivity of the target, free from interferences caused by light scattering and